Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulics interview questions

1. A.abrupt rise from supercritical to subcritical depth that dissipates energy, used deliberately as an energy dissipator below spillways and sluices
2. B.ratio of inertia to gravity forces V/√(gy); open-channel flow is subcritical below 1 and supercritical above 1
3. C.pressure head plus velocity head plus datum head stays constant along a streamline for steady, incompressible, frictionless flow
4. D.the gradual converging-diverging venturi has a discharge coefficient near 0.98, while the sharp-edged orifice plate has about 0.62 with far higher head loss

Answer + AI explanation with Pro

1. A.Manning's formula
2. B.Bernoulli's equation
3. C.Hydraulic jump
4. D.Specific energy

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1. A.Bernoulli's equation — distance between the centre of gravity and the metacentre of a floating body; a positive value means the body returns upright after tilting
2. B.Bernoulli's equation — ratio of inertia to viscous forces ρVD/μ; pipe flow is laminar below 2000 and turbulent above 4000
3. C.Bernoulli's equation — abrupt rise from supercritical to subcritical depth that dissipates energy, used deliberately as an energy dissipator below spillways and sluices
4. D.Bernoulli's equation — pressure head plus velocity head plus datum head stays constant along a streamline for steady, incompressible, frictionless flow

Answer + AI explanation with Pro

1. A.ratio of inertia to viscous forces ρVD/μ; pipe flow is laminar below 2000 and turbulent above 4000
2. B.abrupt rise from supercritical to subcritical depth that dissipates energy, used deliberately as an energy dissipator below spillways and sluices
3. C.uniform open-channel velocity is (1/n) R^(2/3) S^(1/2), with roughness n about 0.013 for finished concrete
4. D.energy per unit weight measured above the channel bed, y + V²/2g, which is minimum at critical depth

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1. A.Reynolds number
2. B.Manning's formula
3. C.Bernoulli's equation
4. D.Darcy–Weisbach equation

Answer + AI explanation with Pro

1. A.Reynolds number — abrupt rise from supercritical to subcritical depth that dissipates energy, used deliberately as an energy dissipator below spillways and sluices
2. B.Reynolds number — pressure surge from sudden valve closure or pump trip, mitigated by slow closure, surge tanks or air vessels on long rising mains
3. C.Reynolds number — friction head loss in a pipe equals f L V² / (2 g D), with friction factor f read from the Moody chart
4. D.Reynolds number — ratio of inertia to viscous forces ρVD/μ; pipe flow is laminar below 2000 and turbulent above 4000

Answer + AI explanation with Pro

1. A.ratio of inertia to gravity forces V/√(gy); open-channel flow is subcritical below 1 and supercritical above 1
2. B.distance between the centre of gravity and the metacentre of a floating body; a positive value means the body returns upright after tilting
3. C.pressure head plus velocity head plus datum head stays constant along a streamline for steady, incompressible, frictionless flow
4. D.pressure surge from sudden valve closure or pump trip, mitigated by slow closure, surge tanks or air vessels on long rising mains

Answer + AI explanation with Pro

1. A.Darcy–Weisbach equation
2. B.Venturimeter vs orificemeter
3. C.Bernoulli's equation
4. D.Froude number

Answer + AI explanation with Pro

1. A.Froude number — uniform open-channel velocity is (1/n) R^(2/3) S^(1/2), with roughness n about 0.013 for finished concrete
2. B.Froude number — pressure surge from sudden valve closure or pump trip, mitigated by slow closure, surge tanks or air vessels on long rising mains
3. C.Froude number — the gradual converging-diverging venturi has a discharge coefficient near 0.98, while the sharp-edged orifice plate has about 0.62 with far higher head loss
4. D.Froude number — ratio of inertia to gravity forces V/√(gy); open-channel flow is subcritical below 1 and supercritical above 1

Answer + AI explanation with Pro

1. A.energy per unit weight measured above the channel bed, y + V²/2g, which is minimum at critical depth
2. B.distance between the centre of gravity and the metacentre of a floating body; a positive value means the body returns upright after tilting
3. C.friction head loss in a pipe equals f L V² / (2 g D), with friction factor f read from the Moody chart
4. D.uniform open-channel velocity is (1/n) R^(2/3) S^(1/2), with roughness n about 0.013 for finished concrete

Answer + AI explanation with Pro

1. A.Water hammer
2. B.Reynolds number
3. C.Metacentric height
4. D.Bernoulli's equation

Answer + AI explanation with Pro

1. A.Metacentric height — energy per unit weight measured above the channel bed, y + V²/2g, which is minimum at critical depth
2. B.Metacentric height — distance between the centre of gravity and the metacentre of a floating body; a positive value means the body returns upright after tilting
3. C.Metacentric height — pressure head plus velocity head plus datum head stays constant along a streamline for steady, incompressible, frictionless flow
4. D.Metacentric height — uniform open-channel velocity is (1/n) R^(2/3) S^(1/2), with roughness n about 0.013 for finished concrete

Answer + AI explanation with Pro

1. A.distance between the centre of gravity and the metacentre of a floating body; a positive value means the body returns upright after tilting
2. B.pressure surge from sudden valve closure or pump trip, mitigated by slow closure, surge tanks or air vessels on long rising mains
3. C.friction head loss in a pipe equals f L V² / (2 g D), with friction factor f read from the Moody chart
4. D.uniform open-channel velocity is (1/n) R^(2/3) S^(1/2), with roughness n about 0.013 for finished concrete

Answer + AI explanation with Pro

1. A.Darcy–Weisbach equation
2. B.Hydraulic jump
3. C.Manning's formula
4. D.Specific energy

Answer + AI explanation with Pro

1. A.Darcy–Weisbach equation — ratio of inertia to viscous forces ρVD/μ; pipe flow is laminar below 2000 and turbulent above 4000
2. B.Darcy–Weisbach equation — ratio of inertia to gravity forces V/√(gy); open-channel flow is subcritical below 1 and supercritical above 1
3. C.Darcy–Weisbach equation — friction head loss in a pipe equals f L V² / (2 g D), with friction factor f read from the Moody chart
4. D.Darcy–Weisbach equation — distance between the centre of gravity and the metacentre of a floating body; a positive value means the body returns upright after tilting

Answer + AI explanation with Pro

1. A.pressure head plus velocity head plus datum head stays constant along a streamline for steady, incompressible, frictionless flow
2. B.friction head loss in a pipe equals f L V² / (2 g D), with friction factor f read from the Moody chart
3. C.uniform open-channel velocity is (1/n) R^(2/3) S^(1/2), with roughness n about 0.013 for finished concrete
4. D.ratio of inertia to gravity forces V/√(gy); open-channel flow is subcritical below 1 and supercritical above 1

Answer + AI explanation with Pro

1. A.Venturimeter vs orificemeter
2. B.Manning's formula
3. C.Metacentric height
4. D.Reynolds number

Answer + AI explanation with Pro

1. A.Manning's formula — friction head loss in a pipe equals f L V² / (2 g D), with friction factor f read from the Moody chart
2. B.Manning's formula — pressure surge from sudden valve closure or pump trip, mitigated by slow closure, surge tanks or air vessels on long rising mains
3. C.Manning's formula — ratio of inertia to viscous forces ρVD/μ; pipe flow is laminar below 2000 and turbulent above 4000
4. D.Manning's formula — uniform open-channel velocity is (1/n) R^(2/3) S^(1/2), with roughness n about 0.013 for finished concrete

Answer + AI explanation with Pro

1. A.friction head loss in a pipe equals f L V² / (2 g D), with friction factor f read from the Moody chart
2. B.uniform open-channel velocity is (1/n) R^(2/3) S^(1/2), with roughness n about 0.013 for finished concrete
3. C.the gradual converging-diverging venturi has a discharge coefficient near 0.98, while the sharp-edged orifice plate has about 0.62 with far higher head loss
4. D.ratio of inertia to viscous forces ρVD/μ; pipe flow is laminar below 2000 and turbulent above 4000

Answer + AI explanation with Pro

1. A.Bernoulli's equation
2. B.Venturimeter vs orificemeter
3. C.Metacentric height
4. D.Hydraulic jump

Answer + AI explanation with Pro

1. A.Venturimeter vs orificemeter — distance between the centre of gravity and the metacentre of a floating body; a positive value means the body returns upright after tilting
2. B.Venturimeter vs orificemeter — the gradual converging-diverging venturi has a discharge coefficient near 0.98, while the sharp-edged orifice plate has about 0.62 with far higher head loss
3. C.Venturimeter vs orificemeter — friction head loss in a pipe equals f L V² / (2 g D), with friction factor f read from the Moody chart
4. D.Venturimeter vs orificemeter — ratio of inertia to gravity forces V/√(gy); open-channel flow is subcritical below 1 and supercritical above 1

Answer + AI explanation with Pro

1. A.the gradual converging-diverging venturi has a discharge coefficient near 0.98, while the sharp-edged orifice plate has about 0.62 with far higher head loss
2. B.energy per unit weight measured above the channel bed, y + V²/2g, which is minimum at critical depth
3. C.ratio of inertia to gravity forces V/√(gy); open-channel flow is subcritical below 1 and supercritical above 1
4. D.uniform open-channel velocity is (1/n) R^(2/3) S^(1/2), with roughness n about 0.013 for finished concrete

Answer + AI explanation with Pro

1. A.Hydraulic jump
2. B.Reynolds number
3. C.Darcy–Weisbach equation
4. D.Specific energy

Answer + AI explanation with Pro

1. A.Specific energy — uniform open-channel velocity is (1/n) R^(2/3) S^(1/2), with roughness n about 0.013 for finished concrete
2. B.Specific energy — distance between the centre of gravity and the metacentre of a floating body; a positive value means the body returns upright after tilting
3. C.Specific energy — energy per unit weight measured above the channel bed, y + V²/2g, which is minimum at critical depth
4. D.Specific energy — the gradual converging-diverging venturi has a discharge coefficient near 0.98, while the sharp-edged orifice plate has about 0.62 with far higher head loss

Answer + AI explanation with Pro

1. A.uniform open-channel velocity is (1/n) R^(2/3) S^(1/2), with roughness n about 0.013 for finished concrete
2. B.distance between the centre of gravity and the metacentre of a floating body; a positive value means the body returns upright after tilting
3. C.abrupt rise from supercritical to subcritical depth that dissipates energy, used deliberately as an energy dissipator below spillways and sluices
4. D.friction head loss in a pipe equals f L V² / (2 g D), with friction factor f read from the Moody chart

Answer + AI explanation with Pro

1. A.Water hammer
2. B.Hydraulic jump
3. C.Darcy–Weisbach equation
4. D.Specific energy

Answer + AI explanation with Pro

1. A.Hydraulic jump — uniform open-channel velocity is (1/n) R^(2/3) S^(1/2), with roughness n about 0.013 for finished concrete
2. B.Hydraulic jump — friction head loss in a pipe equals f L V² / (2 g D), with friction factor f read from the Moody chart
3. C.Hydraulic jump — abrupt rise from supercritical to subcritical depth that dissipates energy, used deliberately as an energy dissipator below spillways and sluices
4. D.Hydraulic jump — ratio of inertia to viscous forces ρVD/μ; pipe flow is laminar below 2000 and turbulent above 4000

Answer + AI explanation with Pro

1. A.ratio of inertia to viscous forces ρVD/μ; pipe flow is laminar below 2000 and turbulent above 4000
2. B.pressure surge from sudden valve closure or pump trip, mitigated by slow closure, surge tanks or air vessels on long rising mains
3. C.ratio of inertia to gravity forces V/√(gy); open-channel flow is subcritical below 1 and supercritical above 1
4. D.pressure head plus velocity head plus datum head stays constant along a streamline for steady, incompressible, frictionless flow

Answer + AI explanation with Pro

1. A.Hydraulic jump
2. B.Water hammer
3. C.Reynolds number
4. D.Venturimeter vs orificemeter

Answer + AI explanation with Pro

1. A.Water hammer — pressure surge from sudden valve closure or pump trip, mitigated by slow closure, surge tanks or air vessels on long rising mains
2. B.Water hammer — ratio of inertia to gravity forces V/√(gy); open-channel flow is subcritical below 1 and supercritical above 1
3. C.Water hammer — uniform open-channel velocity is (1/n) R^(2/3) S^(1/2), with roughness n about 0.013 for finished concrete
4. D.Water hammer — distance between the centre of gravity and the metacentre of a floating body; a positive value means the body returns upright after tilting

Answer + AI explanation with Pro