Thermodynamics interview questions

1. A.two systems each in thermal equilibrium with a third are in equilibrium with each other, the principle that lets a thermometer define temperature
2. B.four equalities among partial derivatives of pressure, volume, temperature and entropy, letting an unmeasurable entropy derivative be replaced by measurable quantities
3. C.cyclic integral of δQ/T is zero for a reversible cycle and negative for an irreversible one, a test of whether a proposed cycle is possible
4. D.the ratio of the actual molar volume of a gas to that predicted by the ideal gas law, equal to one for an ideal gas

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1. A.Throttling process
2. B.Carnot efficiency
3. C.Compressibility factor
4. D.Zeroth law

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1. A.Zeroth law — four equalities among partial derivatives of pressure, volume, temperature and entropy, letting an unmeasurable entropy derivative be replaced by measurable quantities
2. B.Zeroth law — two systems each in thermal equilibrium with a third are in equilibrium with each other, the principle that lets a thermometer define temperature
3. C.Zeroth law — no cyclic device can receive heat from a single reservoir and convert all of it into work
4. D.Zeroth law — constant-enthalpy expansion across a restriction with no work or heat transfer, used in refrigerant expansion valves and the porous-plug experiment

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1. A.net heat transferred to a system over a cycle equals the net work done by it, which establishes internal energy as a property
2. B.two systems each in thermal equilibrium with a third are in equilibrium with each other, the principle that lets a thermometer define temperature
3. C.no cyclic device can receive heat from a single reservoir and convert all of it into work
4. D.the entropy of an isolated system can never decrease, staying constant only for a reversible process

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1. A.Zeroth law
2. B.Clausius inequality
3. C.First law for a cycle
4. D.Exergy

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1. A.First law for a cycle — maximum useful work obtainable from a system as it comes to equilibrium with the dead state of its surroundings
2. B.First law for a cycle — the entropy of an isolated system can never decrease, staying constant only for a reversible process
3. C.First law for a cycle — net heat transferred to a system over a cycle equals the net work done by it, which establishes internal energy as a property
4. D.First law for a cycle — the ratio of the actual molar volume of a gas to that predicted by the ideal gas law, equal to one for an ideal gas

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1. A.constant-enthalpy expansion across a restriction with no work or heat transfer, used in refrigerant expansion valves and the porous-plug experiment
2. B.the ratio of the actual molar volume of a gas to that predicted by the ideal gas law, equal to one for an ideal gas
3. C.no device can transfer heat from a colder to a hotter body as its sole effect, without some other input
4. D.no cyclic device can receive heat from a single reservoir and convert all of it into work

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1. A.Kelvin-Planck statement
2. B.Exergy
3. C.Zeroth law
4. D.Carnot efficiency

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1. A.Kelvin-Planck statement — two systems each in thermal equilibrium with a third are in equilibrium with each other, the principle that lets a thermometer define temperature
2. B.Kelvin-Planck statement — bleeding steam from the turbine to preheat boiler feedwater, raising the mean temperature of heat addition and hence Rankine cycle efficiency
3. C.Kelvin-Planck statement — 1 − TL/TH, the upper limit for any heat engine between two reservoirs, depending only on their absolute temperatures
4. D.Kelvin-Planck statement — no cyclic device can receive heat from a single reservoir and convert all of it into work

Answer + AI explanation with Pro

1. A.constant-enthalpy expansion across a restriction with no work or heat transfer, used in refrigerant expansion valves and the porous-plug experiment
2. B.cyclic integral of δQ/T is zero for a reversible cycle and negative for an irreversible one, a test of whether a proposed cycle is possible
3. C.two systems each in thermal equilibrium with a third are in equilibrium with each other, the principle that lets a thermometer define temperature
4. D.the entropy of an isolated system can never decrease, staying constant only for a reversible process

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1. A.Maxwell relations
2. B.Clausius inequality
3. C.Principle of increase of entropy
4. D.Carnot efficiency

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1. A.Clausius inequality — bleeding steam from the turbine to preheat boiler feedwater, raising the mean temperature of heat addition and hence Rankine cycle efficiency
2. B.Clausius inequality — maximum useful work obtainable from a system as it comes to equilibrium with the dead state of its surroundings
3. C.Clausius inequality — cyclic integral of δQ/T is zero for a reversible cycle and negative for an irreversible one, a test of whether a proposed cycle is possible
4. D.Clausius inequality — four equalities among partial derivatives of pressure, volume, temperature and entropy, letting an unmeasurable entropy derivative be replaced by measurable quantities

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1. A.1 − TL/TH, the upper limit for any heat engine between two reservoirs, depending only on their absolute temperatures
2. B.bleeding steam from the turbine to preheat boiler feedwater, raising the mean temperature of heat addition and hence Rankine cycle efficiency
3. C.no device can transfer heat from a colder to a hotter body as its sole effect, without some other input
4. D.constant-enthalpy expansion across a restriction with no work or heat transfer, used in refrigerant expansion valves and the porous-plug experiment

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1. A.First law for a cycle
2. B.Kelvin-Planck statement
3. C.Regenerative feed heating
4. D.Carnot efficiency

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1. A.Carnot efficiency — 1 − TL/TH, the upper limit for any heat engine between two reservoirs, depending only on their absolute temperatures
2. B.Carnot efficiency — rate of change of temperature with pressure at constant enthalpy, positive when a gas cools on expansion below its inversion temperature
3. C.Carnot efficiency — no device can transfer heat from a colder to a hotter body as its sole effect, without some other input
4. D.Carnot efficiency — maximum useful work obtainable from a system as it comes to equilibrium with the dead state of its surroundings

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1. A.two systems each in thermal equilibrium with a third are in equilibrium with each other, the principle that lets a thermometer define temperature
2. B.maximum useful work obtainable from a system as it comes to equilibrium with the dead state of its surroundings
3. C.rate of change of temperature with pressure at constant enthalpy, positive when a gas cools on expansion below its inversion temperature
4. D.no device can transfer heat from a colder to a hotter body as its sole effect, without some other input

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1. A.Compressibility factor
2. B.Zeroth law
3. C.First law for a cycle
4. D.Exergy

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1. A.Exergy — maximum useful work obtainable from a system as it comes to equilibrium with the dead state of its surroundings
2. B.Exergy — bleeding steam from the turbine to preheat boiler feedwater, raising the mean temperature of heat addition and hence Rankine cycle efficiency
3. C.Exergy — no cyclic device can receive heat from a single reservoir and convert all of it into work
4. D.Exergy — net heat transferred to a system over a cycle equals the net work done by it, which establishes internal energy as a property

Answer + AI explanation with Pro

1. A.constant-enthalpy expansion across a restriction with no work or heat transfer, used in refrigerant expansion valves and the porous-plug experiment
2. B.maximum useful work obtainable from a system as it comes to equilibrium with the dead state of its surroundings
3. C.the ratio of the actual molar volume of a gas to that predicted by the ideal gas law, equal to one for an ideal gas
4. D.cyclic integral of δQ/T is zero for a reversible cycle and negative for an irreversible one, a test of whether a proposed cycle is possible

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1. A.Clausius statement
2. B.Regenerative feed heating
3. C.Joule-Thomson coefficient
4. D.Throttling process

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1. A.Throttling process — no device can transfer heat from a colder to a hotter body as its sole effect, without some other input
2. B.Throttling process — four equalities among partial derivatives of pressure, volume, temperature and entropy, letting an unmeasurable entropy derivative be replaced by measurable quantities
3. C.Throttling process — 1 − TL/TH, the upper limit for any heat engine between two reservoirs, depending only on their absolute temperatures
4. D.Throttling process — constant-enthalpy expansion across a restriction with no work or heat transfer, used in refrigerant expansion valves and the porous-plug experiment

Answer + AI explanation with Pro

1. A.constant-enthalpy expansion across a restriction with no work or heat transfer, used in refrigerant expansion valves and the porous-plug experiment
2. B.no device can transfer heat from a colder to a hotter body as its sole effect, without some other input
3. C.four equalities among partial derivatives of pressure, volume, temperature and entropy, letting an unmeasurable entropy derivative be replaced by measurable quantities
4. D.rate of change of temperature with pressure at constant enthalpy, positive when a gas cools on expansion below its inversion temperature

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1. A.Clausius statement
2. B.Exergy
3. C.Joule-Thomson coefficient
4. D.Clausius inequality

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1. A.Joule-Thomson coefficient — 1 − TL/TH, the upper limit for any heat engine between two reservoirs, depending only on their absolute temperatures
2. B.Joule-Thomson coefficient — no device can transfer heat from a colder to a hotter body as its sole effect, without some other input
3. C.Joule-Thomson coefficient — constant-enthalpy expansion across a restriction with no work or heat transfer, used in refrigerant expansion valves and the porous-plug experiment
4. D.Joule-Thomson coefficient — rate of change of temperature with pressure at constant enthalpy, positive when a gas cools on expansion below its inversion temperature

Answer + AI explanation with Pro

1. A.no device can transfer heat from a colder to a hotter body as its sole effect, without some other input
2. B.constant-enthalpy expansion across a restriction with no work or heat transfer, used in refrigerant expansion valves and the porous-plug experiment
3. C.1 − TL/TH, the upper limit for any heat engine between two reservoirs, depending only on their absolute temperatures
4. D.bleeding steam from the turbine to preheat boiler feedwater, raising the mean temperature of heat addition and hence Rankine cycle efficiency

Answer + AI explanation with Pro

1. A.Compressibility factor
2. B.Carnot efficiency
3. C.Regenerative feed heating
4. D.Exergy

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1. A.Regenerative feed heating — four equalities among partial derivatives of pressure, volume, temperature and entropy, letting an unmeasurable entropy derivative be replaced by measurable quantities
2. B.Regenerative feed heating — 1 − TL/TH, the upper limit for any heat engine between two reservoirs, depending only on their absolute temperatures
3. C.Regenerative feed heating — bleeding steam from the turbine to preheat boiler feedwater, raising the mean temperature of heat addition and hence Rankine cycle efficiency
4. D.Regenerative feed heating — no device can transfer heat from a colder to a hotter body as its sole effect, without some other input

Answer + AI explanation with Pro

1. A.four equalities among partial derivatives of pressure, volume, temperature and entropy, letting an unmeasurable entropy derivative be replaced by measurable quantities
2. B.cyclic integral of δQ/T is zero for a reversible cycle and negative for an irreversible one, a test of whether a proposed cycle is possible
3. C.1 − TL/TH, the upper limit for any heat engine between two reservoirs, depending only on their absolute temperatures
4. D.no device can transfer heat from a colder to a hotter body as its sole effect, without some other input

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1. A.Maxwell relations
2. B.Regenerative feed heating
3. C.Clausius statement
4. D.Clausius inequality

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1. A.Clausius statement — no cyclic device can receive heat from a single reservoir and convert all of it into work
2. B.Clausius statement — no device can transfer heat from a colder to a hotter body as its sole effect, without some other input
3. C.Clausius statement — 1 − TL/TH, the upper limit for any heat engine between two reservoirs, depending only on their absolute temperatures
4. D.Clausius statement — the entropy of an isolated system can never decrease, staying constant only for a reversible process

Answer + AI explanation with Pro